《孙子兵法》 6 August 2008 A Brief
Introduction of Art of War (1)
Chapter Eleven: Common Battlefields It illustrates some common battle ground in a compatitive campaingn, and the way to effectively handle them. 用兵之法，有散地，有轻地，有争地，有交地，有衢地，有重地，有泛地，有围地，有死地。诸侯自战其地者，为散地；入人之地不深者，为轻地；我得亦利，彼得亦利者，为争地；我可以往，彼可以来者，为交地；诸侯之地三属，先至而得天下众者，为衢地；入人之地深，背城邑多者，为重地；山林、险阻、沮泽，凡难行之道者，为泛地；所由入者隘，所从归者迂，彼寡可以击吾之众者，为围地；疾战则存，不疾战则亡者，为死地。是故散地则无战，轻地则无止，争地则无攻，交地则无绝，衢地则合交，重地则掠，泛地则行，围地则谋，死地则战。
A battlfield in your own territory is a holding ground, on which you should avoid fighting. A battlfield in a nearby hostile territory is a shallow ground, on which you should keep advancing. A battlfield with a strategic importance is contentious ground, on which you must not initiate attacks. A battlfield that is easily accessible by all parties in the war is an open ground, on which you must not block your emeny's passage. A battlfield that is a key to the commanding position is an intersecting highway, on which you need to form a join force with your allies. A battlfield in the heart of a hostile country is a significant ground, on which you ought to attack your enemy with a force of storm.
A battlfield situated in a mountain, a marsh or other difficult terrian is a tough ground, on which you must not linger. A battlefield that can only be reached through narrow gorges is an edging ground, on which you should mount a strategic campaign. A battlfield that is a matter of life or death to the survival of your campaign or your troop is a crutial ground, on which you must fight to your last breath. Chapter Twelve: Attack by Fire It examines how to use natural conditions to mount attack and count attack. 以火佐攻者明，以水佐攻者强。 Those attack with fire are smart, those attack using water are strong. Chapter Thirteen: Agents It explains the vital importance of collecting information on your enemy to the effectiveness and outcome of your compaign. 先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可验于度，必取于人，知敌之情者也。 用间有五：有因间，有内间，有反间，有死间，有生间。五间俱起，莫知其道，是谓神纪，人君之宝也。
Information on your enemy cannot be gained via divination, from experience, or by reasoning. It can only be obtained through agents. There could be local agents hired from your enemy terrotories; inside agents within your enemy's official ranks; doulbe agents converted from your enemy spies; sacrificed agents who give themselves away for the popurse of confusing your enemy; surviving agents who bring back information from the enemy's camp. When all five types of agents are at work, you have a key to access divine manipulation of the war. Pre: BBC - A Nobel
Piece Prize Candidate
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